Physiotherapy In Leprosy | A Guide To Help People With Injury And Disability

https://cbphysiotherapy.in/blog/physiotherapy-in-leprosy-a-guide-to-help-people-with-injury-and-disability

Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the management of leprosy (Hansen’s disease), primarily to prevent deformities, improve function, and enhance the quality of life for affected individuals. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, affecting the skin, peripheral nerves, and sometimes other tissues, leading to nerve damage, muscle weakness, and deformities.

Role of Physiotherapy in Leprosy

1. Prevention of Deformities

Regular sensory testing (monofilament test) to detect nerve damage early.
Protective splinting to prevent contractures in hands and feet.
Education on self-care techniques to avoid injuries due to sensory loss.

2. Management of Nerve Palsy & Muscle Weakness

Therapeutic exercises to strengthen weak muscles (e.g., claw hand, foot drop).
Electrical stimulation for muscle re-education.
Stretching & mobilization to prevent joint stiffness.

3. Wound Care & Ulcer Management

Offloading techniques (special footwear, orthoses) to prevent foot ulcers.
Wound dressing guidance to promote healing.
Hydrotherapy for infected wounds.

4. Pain Management

TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) for neuropathic pain.
Soft tissue massage to relieve muscle tension.
Cryotherapy/Heat therapy for pain relief.

5. Rehabilitation & Functional Training

Gait training for patients with foot drop or balance issues.
Assistive devices like braces, splints, and walking aids.
Vocational rehabilitation to help patients return to work.

6. Patient Education & Community Integration

Sensory re-education to improve protective awareness.
Self-care training to prevent secondary complications.
Psychosocial support to address stigma and improve confidence.

Conclusion

Physiotherapy in leprosy is essential to restore function, prevent disability, and improve independence. Early intervention can significantly reduce complications and enhance the quality of life for patients.